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      </a></span></div></div> <div data-v-5bb33761><div data-v-5bb33761><main class="page"><section style="display:;"><div class="page-title"><h1 class="title">ES6 模块化</h1> <div data-v-8a445198><i class="iconfont reco-account" data-v-8a445198><span data-v-8a445198>星月</span></i> <i class="iconfont reco-date" data-v-8a445198><span data-v-8a445198>8/4/2022</span></i> <!----> <i class="tags iconfont reco-tag" data-v-8a445198><span class="tag-item" data-v-8a445198>ES6</span></i></div></div> <div class="theme-reco-content content__default"><h1 id="es6-模块化"><a href="#es6-模块化" class="header-anchor">#</a> <strong>ES6 模块化</strong></h1> <h2 id="_1-node-js-中如何实现模块化"><a href="#_1-node-js-中如何实现模块化" class="header-anchor">#</a> <strong>1. node.js 中如何实现模块化</strong></h2> <p>node.js 遵循了 CommonJS 的模块化规范。其中：</p> <ul><li>导入其它模块使用 require() 方法</li> <li>模块对外共享成员使用 module.exports 对象</li></ul> <p>模块化的好处：</p> <p>大家都遵守同样的模块化规范写代码，降低了沟通的成本，极大方便了各个模块之间的相互调用，利人利己。</p> <h2 id="_2-前端模块化规范的分类"><a href="#_2-前端模块化规范的分类" class="header-anchor">#</a> <strong>2. 前端模块化规范的分类</strong></h2> <p>在 ES6 模块化规范诞生之前，JavaScript 社区已经尝试并提出了 AMD、CMD、CommonJS 等模块化规范。</p> <p>但是，这些由社区提出的模块化标准，还是存在一定的差异性与局限性、并不是浏览器与服务器通用的模块化</p> <p>标准，例如：</p> <ul><li>AMD 和 CMD 适用于浏览器端的 Javascript 模块化</li> <li>CommonJS 适用于服务器端的 Javascript 模块化</li></ul> <p>太多的模块化规范给开发者增加了学习的难度与开发的成本。因此，大一统的 ES6 模块化规范诞生了！</p> <h2 id="_3-什么是-es6-模块化规范"><a href="#_3-什么是-es6-模块化规范" class="header-anchor">#</a> <strong>3. 什么是 ES6 模块化规范</strong></h2> <p>ES6 模块化规范是浏览器端与服务器端通用的模块化开发规范。它的出现极大的降低了前端开发者的模块化学</p> <p>习成本，开发者不需再额外学习 AMD、CMD 或 CommonJS 等模块化规范。</p> <p>ES6 模块化规范中定义：</p> <ul><li>每个 js 文件都是一个独立的模块</li> <li>导入其它模块成员使用 import 关键字</li> <li>向外共享模块成员使用 export 关键字</li></ul> <h2 id="_4-在-node-js-中体验-es6-模块化"><a href="#_4-在-node-js-中体验-es6-模块化" class="header-anchor">#</a> <strong>4. 在 node.js 中体验 ES6 模块化</strong></h2> <p>node.js 中默认仅支持 CommonJS 模块化规范，若想基于 node.js 体验与学习 ES6 的模块化语法，可以按照</p> <p>如下两个步骤进行配置：</p> <p>① 确保安装了 v14.15.1 或更高版本的 node.js（node - v）</p> <p>② 在 package.json 的根节点中添加 &quot;type&quot;: &quot;module&quot; 节点</p> <h2 id="_5-es6-模块化的基本语法"><a href="#_5-es6-模块化的基本语法" class="header-anchor">#</a> <strong>5. ES6 模块化的基本语法</strong></h2> <p>ES6 的模块化主要包含如下 3 种用法：</p> <p>① 默认导出与默认导入</p> <p>② 按需导出与按需导入</p> <p>③ 直接导入并执行模块中的代码</p> <h3 id="_5-1-默认导出与默认导入"><a href="#_5-1-默认导出与默认导入" class="header-anchor">#</a> <strong>5.1 默认导出与默认导入</strong></h3> <p><strong>默认导出</strong></p> <p>默认导出的语法： export default 默认导出的成员</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">let</span> n1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">10</span>
<span class="token keyword">let</span> n2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">20</span>
<span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">show</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  n1<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  show
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br></div></div><p><strong>默认导入</strong></p> <p>默认导入的语法： import 接收名称 from '模块标识符'</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> m1 <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'./01.默认导出.js'</span>

console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>m1<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p><strong>默认导出的注意事项</strong></p> <p>每个模块中，只允许使用唯一的一次 export default，否则会报错！</p> <p><strong>默认导入的注意事项</strong></p> <p>默认导入时的接收名称可以任意名称，只要是合法的成员名称即可</p> <h3 id="_5-2-按需导出与按需导入"><a href="#_5-2-按需导出与按需导入" class="header-anchor">#</a> <strong>5.2 按需导出与按需导入</strong></h3> <p><strong>按需导出</strong></p> <p>按需导出的语法： export 按需导出的成员</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> s1 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'aaa'</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">let</span> s2 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'ccc'</span>
<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">say</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">export</span> <span class="token keyword">default</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token literal-property property">a</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">20</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p><strong>按需导入</strong></p> <p>按需导入的语法： import { s1 } from '模块标识符'</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">import</span> info<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> s1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> s2 <span class="token keyword">as</span> str2<span class="token punctuation">,</span> say <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">from</span> <span class="token string">'./03.按需导出.js'</span>

console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s1<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>str2<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>say<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>info<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p><strong>按需导出与按需导入的注意事项</strong></p> <p>① 每个模块中可以使用多次按需导出</p> <p>② 按需导入的成员名称必须和按需导出的名称保持一致</p> <p>③ 按需导入时，可以使用 as 关键字进行重命名</p> <p>④ 按需导入可以和默认导入一起使用</p> <h3 id="_5-3-直接导入并执行模块中的代码"><a href="#_5-3-直接导入并执行模块中的代码" class="header-anchor">#</a> <strong>5.3 直接导入并执行模块中的代码</strong></h3> <p>如果只想单纯地执行某个模块中的代码，并不需要得到模块中向外共享的成员。此时，可以直接导入并执行模</p> <p>块代码，</p> <p>05.js 示例代码如下：</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">let</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator">&lt;</span> <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br></div></div><p>执行的代码如下：</p> <div class="language-js line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-js"><code><span class="token comment">// 直接执行并导入模块代码，不需要得到模块向外共享的成员</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> <span class="token string">'./05.js'</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div></div></section> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">Last Updated: </span> <span class="time">8/9/2022, 9:35:59 PM</span></div></footer> <!----> <div class="comments-wrapper"><!----></div> <ul class="side-bar sub-sidebar-wrapper" style="width:12rem;" data-v-ac050c62><li class="level-2" data-v-ac050c62><a href="/blogs/ES6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/1.ES6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96.html#_1-node-js-中如何实现模块化" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_1-node-js-中如何实现模块化" data-v-ac050c62>1. node.js 中如何实现模块化</a></li><li class="level-2" data-v-ac050c62><a href="/blogs/ES6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/1.ES6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96.html#_2-前端模块化规范的分类" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_2-前端模块化规范的分类" data-v-ac050c62>2. 前端模块化规范的分类</a></li><li class="level-2" data-v-ac050c62><a href="/blogs/ES6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/1.ES6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96.html#_3-什么是-es6-模块化规范" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_3-什么是-es6-模块化规范" data-v-ac050c62>3. 什么是 ES6 模块化规范</a></li><li class="level-2" data-v-ac050c62><a href="/blogs/ES6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/1.ES6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96.html#_4-在-node-js-中体验-es6-模块化" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_4-在-node-js-中体验-es6-模块化" data-v-ac050c62>4. 在 node.js 中体验 ES6 模块化</a></li><li class="level-2" data-v-ac050c62><a href="/blogs/ES6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/1.ES6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96.html#_5-es6-模块化的基本语法" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_5-es6-模块化的基本语法" data-v-ac050c62>5. ES6 模块化的基本语法</a></li><li class="level-3" data-v-ac050c62><a href="/blogs/ES6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/1.ES6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96.html#_5-1-默认导出与默认导入" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_5-1-默认导出与默认导入" data-v-ac050c62>5.1 默认导出与默认导入</a></li><li class="level-3" data-v-ac050c62><a href="/blogs/ES6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/1.ES6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96.html#_5-2-按需导出与按需导入" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_5-2-按需导出与按需导入" data-v-ac050c62>5.2 按需导出与按需导入</a></li><li class="level-3" data-v-ac050c62><a href="/blogs/ES6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%8E%E5%BC%82%E6%AD%A5%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B/1.ES6%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%97%E5%8C%96.html#_5-3-直接导入并执行模块中的代码" class="sidebar-link reco-side-_5-3-直接导入并执行模块中的代码" data-v-ac050c62>5.3 直接导入并执行模块中的代码</a></li></ul></main></div> <!----></div></div></div></div><div class="global-ui"><div class="back-to-ceiling" style="right:1rem;bottom:6rem;width:2.5rem;height:2.5rem;border-radius:.25rem;line-height:2.5rem;display:none;" data-v-c6073ba8 data-v-c6073ba8><svg t="1574745035067" viewBox="0 0 1024 1024" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" p-id="5404" class="icon" data-v-c6073ba8><path d="M526.60727968 10.90185116a27.675 27.675 0 0 0-29.21455937 0c-131.36607665 82.28402758-218.69155461 228.01873535-218.69155402 394.07834331a462.20625001 462.20625001 0 0 0 5.36959153 69.94390903c1.00431239 6.55289093-0.34802892 13.13561351-3.76865779 18.80351572-32.63518765 54.11355614-51.75690182 118.55860487-51.7569018 187.94566865a371.06718723 371.06718723 0 0 0 11.50484808 91.98906777c6.53300375 25.50556257 41.68394495 28.14064038 52.69160883 4.22606766 17.37162448-37.73630017 42.14135425-72.50938081 72.80769204-103.21549295 2.18761121 3.04276886 4.15646224 6.24463696 6.40373557 9.22774369a1871.4375 1871.4375 0 0 0 140.04691725 5.34970492 1866.36093723 1866.36093723 0 0 0 140.04691723-5.34970492c2.24727335-2.98310674 4.21612437-6.18497483 6.3937923-9.2178004 30.66633723 30.70611158 55.4360664 65.4791928 72.80769147 103.21549355 11.00766384 23.91457269 46.15860503 21.27949489 52.69160879-4.22606768a371.15156223 371.15156223 0 0 0 11.514792-91.99901164c0-69.36717486-19.13165746-133.82216804-51.75690182-187.92578088-3.42062944-5.66790279-4.76302748-12.26056868-3.76865837-18.80351632a462.20625001 462.20625001 0 0 0 5.36959269-69.943909c-0.00994388-166.08943902-87.32547796-311.81420293-218.6915546-394.09823051zM605.93803103 357.87693858a93.93749974 93.93749974 0 1 1-187.89594924 6.1e-7 93.93749974 93.93749974 0 0 1 187.89594924-6.1e-7z" p-id="5405" data-v-c6073ba8></path><path d="M429.50777625 765.63860547C429.50777625 803.39355007 466.44236686 1000.39046097 512.00932183 1000.39046097c45.56695499 0 82.4922232-197.00623328 82.5015456-234.7518555 0-37.75494459-36.9345906-68.35043303-82.4922232-68.34111062-45.57627738-0.00932239-82.52019037 30.59548842-82.51086798 68.34111062z" p-id="5406" data-v-c6073ba8></path></svg></div><div class="kanbanniang" data-v-5775ee02><div class="banniang-container" style="display:;" data-v-5775ee02><div class="messageBox" style="right:68px;bottom:190px;display:none;" data-v-5775ee02>
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